Overview of the sf36 health survey and the international. Rand 36 item short form health survey sf 36 author. To investigate whether items of the medical outcomes study mos 36item shortform health status survey sf36 exhibited differential item functioning dif with respect to age, education, race, and gender. The test consists of 36 questions and requires 10 minutes to administer. The sf36 health survey is a multipurpose, shortform health survey which contains 36 questions. In addition to the total sample, analyses were conducted among 24 subgroups differing in sociodemographic characteristics, diagnosis, and disease severity. Rand recommends the following straightforward approach to scoring the rand 36 item health survey. A pubmed search using the term sf36 health survey found 9722 items. The sf36 is a generic measure of health status as opposed to one that targets a. Results from traditional psychometric and clinical tests of validity were compared.
The shortform 36 sf36 health survey is a brief selfadministered questionnaire that generates scores across 8 dimensions of health. New england medical center, the health institute, 1993. Imputing the physical and mental summary scores pcs and. The sf 36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf6d, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the qualityadjusted life year calculation to determine the costeffectiveness of a health treatment. It has been found to be reliable, and valid in terms of criteria such as agreement with clinical diagnosis and disease severity, but its underlying values have not been tested against patient preferences. The data for this study come from two large national datasets, the mos and the 1990 national survey of functional health status nsfhs. It has been used to assess functional outcome for many medical conditions, both acute and chronic. The short form 36 health survey is a 36 item, patientreported survey of patient health. The sf36 includes a multiitem scale with 8 subscales. Two identical versions of the original instrument are currently available. A general indicator of health status function and wellbeing and includes primarily nonpsychiatric health status questions. The 36item short form health survey sf36 is a set of generic, coherent, and. It is a shortform derived from a larger 149item instrument and is more precise than its predecessor the sf20.
Medical outcomes study shortform 36item questionnaire. This information will help keep track of how you feel and how well you are able to do your usual activities. Rand developed the 36item short form health survey sf36 as part of the. Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health survey sf36 about. It comprises 36 questions which cover eight domains of health. Validation of the short form 36 sf36 health survey. Short form 36 health survey sf36 statistics solutions. Free online sf36 score calculator sf36 orthotoolkit. The sf36 includes one multiitem scale that assesses eight health conce. A 36 item short form sf 36 was constructed to survey health status in the medical outcomes study.
A 36item shortform sf36 was constructed to survey health status in the medical outcomes study. Set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures. To calculate the scores it is necessary to purchase special software. Short form 36 sf 36 health related quality of life hrqol. The short form 36 item survey is one of the most commonly used instruments for assessing health related quality of life. Does your health now limit you in these activities. Question is the 36item short form health survey physical component summary score associated with patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty findings in this cohort study of data from 6659 patients in singapore, 67. The instrument contains 36 items measuring eight separate domains of health status. Fill in the rand 36 questionnaire, the rand 36 result score will be automatically calculated. Sf36 total score as a single measure of healthrelated. There have been a variety of iterations of this tool, and the version presented here is more specifically known as the rand sf36. Users manual for the medical outcomes study mos core measures of healthrelated quality of life. Short form36 sf36 health related quality of life hrqol. The short form 36 health survey rand corporation and john e.
The sf 36 was designed for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations, and general population surveys. Algorithms are presented for the mos sf36, this report provides the testing or validation using the mos sf36 in the main body of this work and using the same methodology presents the results of the validation for the veterans sf36. Association of the 36item short form health survey. The sf36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf6d, is commonly used in. The original sf36 stemmed from the medical outcome study, mos, which was. It yields an eightscale profile of scores as well as summary physical and mental measures. Nov 01, 2015 the short form health survey is a 36 item, patientreported survey of patient health. Mos 36item shortform health survey line questionnaire which included items used to construct the sf36 survey. The responses were scored by using the quality metric health outcomes. Rand 36 score calculator rand 36item health survey v1. It can be administered by interview, online, by fax, and using traditional pencil and paper. Contact qualitymetric incorporated for information regarding licensing fees for your institution.
The following items are about activities you might do during a typical day. It is a subset of questions from longer instruments that were used in the medical outcomes study. We refer to it as a generic health survey because it can be used across age 18 and older. The short form 36 health survey sf 36 evaluates the functional health and wellbeing of patients. Using the sf36 shortform the sf36 permits scoring of a set of eight scales displayed as a profile of health status concepts, as in the case of sixscale sf20 profiles. A physical summary and a mental summary are included in the test scoring. In order to use the sf36, permission must be obtained from qualitymetric. Proceedings of the 22nd annual sas users group international conference. The sf 36 is a wellresearched, reliable and valid broadbased, sophisticated instrument with population. Because the scoring method described here a simpler and more straightforward procedure differs from that of the mos sf36, persons using this scoring method should refer to the instrument as rand 36item health survey 1. The sf36 is distributed by mos trust inc and strict adherence to item wording and scoring recommendations is required in order to use the sf36 trademark type of instrument.
Rand developed the 36item short form health survey sf36 as part of the medical outcomes study mso, a multiyear, multisite study to explain variations in patient outcomes. Should aggregate scores of the medical outcomes study 36. Association of the 36item short form health survey physical. The 36item short form of the medical outcomes study questionnaire sf36 was. Scoring the rand 36item health survey is a twostep process. The sf36 was designed for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations, and general population surveys. The sf36 includes one multiitem scale that assesses eight health concepts. It also includes a single item that provides an indication of perceived change in health. Should aggregate scores of the medical outcomes study 36item. The analysis by disease severity was limited to the sample. The sf 36 is a short form measure of generic health status in the general population.
A new generic health status measure gaining popularity is the sf36, a relatively brief and simple questionnaire developed from the medical outcomes study in the united states. The sf 36 includes one multi item scale that assesses eight health concepts. Medical outcomes study 36item shortform health survey sf36 description. These measures rely upon patient selfreporting and are now widely utilized by. The resulting short form survey instrument provides a solution to the problem faced by many investigators who must restrict survey length. The sf36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf6d, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the qualityadjusted life year calculation to determine the costeffectiveness of a health treatment. Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions and reliability across diverse patient groups. The 12 item short form health survey sf12 was developed for the medical outcomes study mos, a multiyear study of patients with chronic conditions. If having only adequate physical and mental health summary scores is of. Australian data for the sf36 health survey is provided by stevenson 1996 9. Pdf a 36item shortform sf36 was constructed to survey health status in the. Sf36, merlin software, validity, reliability, health status, data process.
Sf36 is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures. The 36item short form survey sf 36 is an oftused, wellresearched, selfreported measure of health. The short form 36 health survey is a 36item, patientreported survey of patient health. The original sf36 stemmed from the medical outcome study, mos.
We refer to it as a generic health survey because it can be used across age 18 and older, disease, and treatment group, as opposed to a. Health assessment lab, new england medical center, 1997. A 36item shortform sf36 was constructed to survey health status in the. Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability across diverse patient groups colleen a. The sf36 health survey developed out of work on the medical outcomes study or rand health insurance experiment. It stems from a study called the medical outcomes study. Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability across diverse patient groups. The sf 36 was designed for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations, and. The sf 36 is a generic patientreported outcome measure that quantifies health status and measures health related quality of life. Medical outcomes study 36item shortform health survey. All questions are scored on a scale from 0 to 100, with 100 representing the highest level of functioning possible.
As part of the medical outcomes study mos, a multiyear, multisite study to explain variations in patient outcomes, rand developed the 36item short form health survey sf36. Aggregate scores are compiled as a percentage of the total points possible, using the rand scoring table step i chart. The sf36 was designed for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations, and. Scoring and interpretation instructions can be found in the users manual. The shortform 36 sf36 health survey and its use in. Measures of quality of life core survey was a twoyear study of patients with chronic conditions. Originally published in 1992 in medical care, the 36item short form health survey sf36 is a measure of healthrelated qualityoflife. Sf36 health survey manual and interpretation guide.
The optum sf36v2 health survey asks 36 questions to measure functional health and wellbeing from the patients point of view. The short form health survey is a 36item, patientreported survey of patient health. Respondents are asked to answer items referring to the past 4 weeks. Crosssectional data from the medical outcomes study mos were analyzed to test the validity of the mos 36item shortform health survey sf 36 scales as measures of physical and mental health constructs. The 36 item short form health survey sf 36 is a generic patientreported outcome measure, originating from the usa. The short form 36item survey is one of the most commonly used instruments for assessing healthrelated quality of life. The shortform36 health survey rand corporation and john e. The use of this survey in evaluating the effects of treatment of any specific disease or injury allows comparison of treat ments across a broad spectrum. Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health survey. The 36item short form health survey questionnaire sf36 3 is a very popular instrument for evaluating healthrelated quality of life. Rand 36 score calculator rand 36 item health survey v1. Sf36 includes one multiitem scale that assesses eight health concepts. Several generic or specific instruments have been proposed to assess hrqol in chronic illnesses.
Scoring instructions for mos 36item short form survey instrument sf36. You are now ready to run the qualitymetric health outcomes scoring software 4. The mos 36item shortform health survey is a ge neric, patientbased health assessment tool. Measures of quality of life core survey from rand health. All respondentss answers to sf36 were analyzed using a software that made data processing a lot easier and it established the final results of the selfevaluation. Objective to determine the association of the 36 item short form health survey physical component summary score sf 36 pcs with patient satisfaction 2 years after tka. Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health. The sf36 is a generic patientreported outcome measure that quantifies health status and measures healthrelated quality of life. The use of a generic, patientbased health assessment sf. Nov 17, 2012 the shortform 36 sf36 health survey is a brief selfadministered questionnaire that generates scores across 8 dimensions of health. Medical outcome short form 36 health survey clintools. These 36 items, presented here, are identical to the mos sf36.
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